Network services such as DHCP, DNS and NTP are invisible when they work and cause confusing symptoms when they fail. Users rarely say 'DNS is broken'; they say 'the internet is down' or 'I can't log in'. Each service has a characteristic failure signature, and learning those signatures lets you go straight to the cause instead of checking cables and routers first. Network+ tests four: DHCP scope exhaustion, duplicate IP addresses, DNS failures and NTP problems.
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