Physical layer problems are common and are often mistaken for higher-layer faults. A cable problem can cause no link at all, a link that comes up at a lower speed than expected, a link that flaps up and down, or a link that works but produces errors and slow performance. Because so much depends on Layer 1, a bottom-up check of cabling is often the fastest route to a fix. Knowing the symptoms of each cabling issue lets you pick the right fix and the right test tool.
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