A data lake stores raw and processed data of every shape, usually in Amazon S3, and lets many tools analyze it without first copying it into a separate system. Because S3 is cheap, durable and effectively unlimited, you can keep years of history and decide later how to use it. AWS has a set of services that catalog, secure, process, query and visualize that data, and the exam expects you to know the job of each and which one answers a given requirement.
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