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CWNP Certified Wireless Network Administrator CWNA-109 · Domain 5: WLAN network security

The 4-way handshake: PMK, PTK and GTK

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Last reviewed September 25, 2026 · Leer en español

The 4-way handshake is the exchange that turns a pairwise master key (PMK) into the actual encryption keys used for data, and proves that both the client and the AP hold the same PMK. It runs after association in Personal mode, and after 802.1X authentication in Enterprise mode. Every WPA2 and WPA3 connection uses it.

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