How cloud and hybrid work change where apps run and how users reach them (VPN, internet access)

Traditionally, applications ran on servers in the company's own data center and employees worked in the office on the same LAN. Traffic stayed inside, and the firewall at the internet edge was the main boundary. Two changes have reshaped that picture: applications moved to the cloud, and users started working from home, hotels and coffee shops. As a support technician you need to know which path a user's traffic takes, because that tells you where to look when something breaks.