Network Address Translation (NAT) rewrites IP addresses as packets pass through a router, most commonly to let hosts using private RFC 1918 addresses (10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12 and 192.168.0.0/16) reach the internet with public addresses. It conserves scarce public IPv4 space and hides internal addressing. The CCNA covers three forms, static, dynamic and PAT, and a set of four address terms that confuse many learners until the pattern clicks.
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