Identity and access management (IAM) covers how an organization creates digital identities, proves who people are, decides what they can access, and removes access when it is no longer needed. It is central to modern security because identity has become the main perimeter: with cloud services and remote work, a stolen login is often more valuable to an attacker than a network foothold. Security+ tests the identity lifecycle and a group of protocols with easily confused names: SSO, SAML, OAuth, OpenID Connect and LDAP.
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