Three quiet protocols make every network work, and all three were designed with little built-in security. The Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) finds the hardware address of a device on the local network, the Domain Name System (DNS) turns names into IP addresses, and the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) hands out network settings. Each one trusts whoever answers, so an attacker who can answer first, or answer falsely, can redirect traffic. Understanding how they normally work makes their attacks easy to recognize, and Security+ regularly asks you to match symptoms to the right attack and the right defense.
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