Access switches are where users and devices plug in, so they are the natural place to stop Layer 2 attacks before they spread. Layer 2 protocols such as ARP and DHCP were designed for trusting environments and believe whatever they hear, which attackers exploit. Four features work together to close these gaps, and Network+ expects you to know which one stops which attack, how they depend on each other and what their violation behaviour looks like when you are troubleshooting.
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