Access and management methods: site-to-site and client VPNs, SSH, GUI, API, console, jump box, in-band vs out-of-band

Administrators need secure ways to reach networks and manage devices, and they need a way in even when the network itself is broken. Every management method is also a potential attack path, because whoever controls the management interface controls the device. Network+ expects you to know the options, when to use each, and the security trade-offs: which methods encrypt, which scale, and which still work during an outage.