An instance template is a saved VM definition: machine type, boot image, disks, network, metadata such as a startup script, labels and service account. Templates are immutable; to change anything you create a new template. You create one with gcloud compute instance-templates create web-v2 --machine-type=e2-medium --image-family=debian-12 --image-project=debian-cloud --tags=web --metadata-from-file=startup-script=start.sh.
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