A virtual domain, or VDOM, lets one physical FortiGate behave like several independent firewalls. Each VDOM has its own interfaces, firewall policies, routing table, security profiles and administrators, and traffic in one VDOM is isolated from the others unless you deliberately connect them. This is how a single appliance can serve, say, two separate customers or a production and a lab network without their rules or routes leaking into each other.
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