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CWNP Certified Wireless Network Administrator CWNA-109 · Domain 3: WLAN protocols and devices

Joining a BSS: passive and active scanning, open system authentication, association and the 4-way handshake

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Last reviewed September 25, 2026 · Leer en español

Before a client can send data through an AP, it goes through a fixed sequence: discover the network, authenticate at the 802.11 level, associate, and, on a secured network, complete the security exchange that creates encryption keys. Knowing this sequence frame by frame lets you pinpoint exactly where a connection fails.

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