An IPv4 address is 32 bits. To make it readable, the bits are split into four 8-bit groups called octets, each written as a decimal number from 0 to 255 and separated by dots. This is dotted decimal notation, for example 192.168.10.25. Converting one octet to binary is a skill you need: the bit values from left to right are 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2 and 1. So 192 is 11000000 (128 + 64), and 25 is 00011001 (16 + 8 + 1).
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