When a host cannot reach something, its own IP settings are one of the first things to check. Four problems appear again and again on the CCNA: a wrong subnet mask, a default gateway that is not in the host's subnet, two devices using the same address, and a host that failed to get an address from DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) and gave itself an APIPA (Automatic Private IP Addressing) address. Each has a recognizable symptom pattern, so once you know the patterns you can diagnose them from a single output.
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