Azure Files offers managed file shares over SMB (Server Message Block), the same protocol Windows file servers use. You can mount a share with the storage account key, but that gives everyone who knows the key full access, like being administrator on the file server, and it cannot tell users apart. For a real file-server replacement you want users to sign in with their own identities and receive only the access they should have. That is identity-based authentication, and it relies on Kerberos tickets just like an on-premises Windows file share.
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