All certifications / AI-200 / Cheat sheet
AI-200 AI-200 (replaced AZ-204) cheat sheet
Domain 1: Develop containerized solutions on Azure (24%)
Exam tips
- If a question asks how to keep compilers or secrets out of the final image, the answer is a multi-stage build; if it asks how to stop files from being sent to the build at all, the answer is .dockerignore.
- Any requirement mentioning multiple regions from one registry name, private endpoints, or blocking public access points to Premium; Basic and Standard differ mainly in storage and throughput.
- Match the trigger to the wording: code pushed means a commit trigger, OS or runtime patches in the parent image mean a base image update trigger, and nightly or weekly means a timer trigger with a cron schedule.
- For a question about ensuring every replica runs exactly the same image, choose a unique tag or a digest, never latest; for automatic cleanup of old images, choose acr purge in a scheduled ACR task.
- When asked for the most secure or least-privilege way for an app to pull images, answer managed identity plus AcrPull; eliminate choices that enable the admin user or store a password.
- If a custom container starts but App Service reports it is not responding on the expected port, the fix is the WEBSITES_PORT app setting, not a Dockerfile EXPOSE change.
- Back-end services that only other apps in the environment should call use internal ingress; queue-only workers need no ingress at all. Also remember that updating a secret does not by itself restart replicas.
- Traffic splitting, blue-green and canary scenarios require multiple revision mode; changing a secret or ingress setting never creates a new revision because those are application-scope.
- If a scenario demands scale to zero, rule out CPU and memory scale rules; use an HTTP rule for web traffic or a KEDA event rule such as azure-servicebus for queue workers, with min replicas set to 0.
- Run-to-completion work points to Container Apps jobs: pick Manual for on-demand, Schedule for cron-based timing (UTC), and Event for queue-driven work handled by KEDA.
- Requests drive scheduling and limits enforce caps (memory over the limit is OOMKilled, CPU is throttled); ACR access for AKS is az aks update --attach-acr, not an admin password in an imagePullSecret.
Key terms
- Base image
- The image named in FROM that your image builds on, such as a slim Python image.
- Multi-stage build
- A Dockerfile with several FROM stages where the final stage copies only needed artifacts from earlier stages.
- Build context
- The set of files sent to the builder with a build; .dockerignore removes files from it.
- Layer cache
- Docker's reuse of unchanged instruction results, which makes instruction order matter for build speed.
- USER instruction
- Sets the user that later instructions and the running container use, so the app need not run as root.
- Login server
- The registry's DNS name, such as myregistry.azurecr.io, used as the prefix of every image reference.
- Geo-replication
- A Premium ACR feature that keeps copies of one registry in several regions behind a single login server.
- Private endpoint
- A network interface with a private IP in your VNet that connects privately to a service such as a Premium registry.
- Repository
- A named collection of related images in a registry, distinguished by tags and digests.
- Quick task
- A one-off cloud build started with az acr build that uploads the context, builds in ACR and pushes the image.
- ACR task
- A saved build definition in a registry that runs automatically on triggers such as commits, base-image updates or a schedule.
- Base image update trigger
- An ACR Tasks trigger that rebuilds your app image when the image in its FROM line is updated.
- Run ID
- The unique identifier of each ACR Tasks run, available as the {{.Run.ID}} placeholder for unique tags.
- Tag
- A mutable, human-readable label that points to an image manifest and can be moved to a newer image.
- Digest
- An immutable SHA-256 identifier of an image manifest that always refers to exactly the same content.
- Unique tag
- A tag used once and never reassigned, such as a build ID or commit hash, recommended for deployments.
- Untagged manifest
- An image whose tags have all been moved or removed; it still consumes storage until deleted.
- acr purge
- An ACR Tasks command that deletes tags and untagged manifests by filter and age, often run on a schedule.
- Admin user
- A registry-wide account with shared passwords and full push/pull rights; disabled by default and meant only for testing.
- AcrPull
- A built-in Azure RBAC role that grants permission to pull images from a registry and nothing more.
- AcrPush
- A built-in role that allows both pushing and pulling images, suited to build pipelines.
- Managed identity
- A Microsoft Entra identity for an Azure resource whose credentials Azure manages and rotates automatically.
- WEBSITES_PORT
- An App Service app setting that tells the platform which port the custom container listens on.
- Continuous deployment (containers)
- A setting that makes App Service pull and restart when a registry webhook reports a new image for the configured tag.
- Deployment slot
- A separate live instance of an app with its own host name that can be swapped with production.
- Slot setting
- An app setting or connection string marked sticky so it stays with its slot during a swap.
- Container Apps environment
- A boundary that groups container apps sharing a virtual network and Log Analytics workspace.
- External ingress
- Ingress that exposes the app outside the environment, typically with a public endpoint.
- Internal ingress
- Ingress that makes the app reachable only from within its environment.
- secretref
- The prefix used in a container app environment variable to take its value from an app-level secret.
- Revision
- An immutable snapshot of a container app's revision-scope configuration, created whenever the template changes.
- Single revision mode
- The default mode where one revision is active and a new revision replaces the old one once ready.
- Multiple revision mode
- A mode that keeps several revisions active and splits ingress traffic among them by weight.
- Revision label
- A named pointer to a revision that gives it a stable URL independent of its generated name.
- Replica
- One running instance of a container app revision; scaling changes the replica count.
- KEDA
- Kubernetes Event-driven Autoscaling, the open-source engine behind Container Apps scale rules.
- Scale to zero
- Running zero replicas when idle, possible with a minimum of 0 and HTTP or event-driven rules.
- Scaler
- A KEDA component that reads a metric from an event source, such as Service Bus message count, to drive scaling.
- Container Apps job
- A Container Apps resource that runs containers to completion rather than continuously.
- Execution
- A single run of a job, containing one or more replicas that must finish successfully.
- Trigger type
- How a job starts: Manual, Schedule (cron) or Event (KEDA scale rules).
- Replica timeout
- The maximum number of seconds a job replica may run before it is stopped and treated as failed.
- Deployment
- A Kubernetes object that keeps a specified number of identical pods running and manages rolling updates.
- Service
- A Kubernetes object that gives a set of pods, selected by labels, a stable IP, DNS name and load balancing.
- Requests and limits
- Per-container CPU and memory settings: requests are reserved for scheduling, limits cap usage.
- ConfigMap
- A Kubernetes object that stores non-secret configuration data for pods.
- Kubernetes Secret
- An object for sensitive data that is base64-encoded, not encrypted by that encoding, and should be access-controlled.
Domain 2: Develop AI solutions by using Azure data management services (28%)
Exam tips
- read_item always needs both item id and partition key; create_item fails on duplicates while upsert_item does not, and cross-partition queries need enable_cross_partition_query=True.
- The winning partition key has high cardinality, even request and storage distribution and appears in most queries; when one tenant outgrows 20 GB, think hierarchical partition keys.
- Strong and Bounded Staleness reads cost about double; excluding unused paths lowers write RUs; a point read beats any query. Clients can relax consistency per request but cannot strengthen it beyond the account default.
- Dimensions in the vector policy must match the embedding model output; choose flat for small exact search, quantizedFlat for mid-size and diskANN for large scale, and exclude the vector path from the regular index.
- Deletes are invisible in latest version mode; answer with soft delete plus TTL, or all versions and deletes mode (which needs continuous backup). Two functions on one container need separate lease prefixes or containers.
- Two steps in order: add VECTOR to the azure.extensions server parameter, then run CREATE EXTENSION vector in each database; the extension's SQL name is vector, not pgvector.
- Match operator and operator class (<-> with vector_l2_ops, <=> with vector_cosine_ops, <#> with vector_ip_ops). Build IVFFlat after loading data; HNSW works on empty tables. ef_search and probes trade speed for recall.
- Use the same embedding model for chunks and queries; enforce access control with metadata filters at retrieval time, not by asking the model to ignore documents.
- Know the policy names: allkeys-* evicts from every key, volatile-* only from keys with a TTL, and noeviction returns errors on writes when memory is full.
- Semantic caching matches meaning, not exact text, so the exam trade-off is the similarity threshold; always scope cache entries (tenant, model, language) and give them a TTL.
- Pick by the dominant requirement: global scale or change feed means Cosmos DB, relational joins or existing PostgreSQL means pgvector, lowest latency or response caching means Redis; combinations are common and often correct.
Key terms
- CosmosClient
- The azure-cosmos entry point that connects to an account; create one and reuse it for the app's lifetime.
- Upsert
- An operation that inserts an item if it does not exist or replaces it if it does.
- Point read
- Reading one item by id and partition key with read_item, the cheapest Cosmos DB operation.
- Parameterized query
- A query whose values are passed separately as @name parameters instead of string concatenation.
- Logical partition
- All items sharing one partition key value; limited to 20 GB of storage.
- Physical partition
- An internal unit of storage and throughput that hosts many logical partitions.
- Hot partition
- A partition receiving a disproportionate share of requests, causing 429 throttling despite spare total throughput.
- Hierarchical partition key
- A partition key of up to three levels, such as tenant then user, that lets one top-level value span physical partitions.
- Request Unit (RU)
- The normalized cost unit for Cosmos DB operations; a 1 KB point read costs about 1 RU.
- Indexing policy
- Container settings that choose which paths are indexed, the indexing mode and composite or vector indexes.
- Session consistency
- The default level, guaranteeing that a client reads its own writes within its session.
- HTTP 429
- The status returned when requests exceed provisioned throughput; clients should retry after the indicated delay.
- Vector embedding policy
- Container setting that defines each vector path, data type, dimension count and distance function.
- flat index
- An exact, brute-force vector index with perfect recall, suited to small datasets and limited dimensions.
- quantizedFlat index
- A vector index that compresses vectors and scans them, lowering cost with a small accuracy trade-off.
- diskANN index
- A graph-based approximate nearest neighbor index designed for low latency at large scale.
- VectorDistance()
- The Cosmos DB query function that returns the similarity score between two vectors.
- Change feed
- An ordered, persistent log of creates and updates (and, in one mode, deletes) to a Cosmos DB container.
- Lease container
- A container that stores change feed checkpoints and partition ownership for processors and Functions triggers.
- Latest version mode
- The default change feed mode that returns the latest state of changed items and does not include deletes.
- All versions and deletes mode
- A change feed mode that records every change, including deletes, and requires continuous backup.
- Flexible server
- The deployment option of Azure Database for PostgreSQL that offers managed PostgreSQL with configurable compute, HA and networking.
- azure.extensions
- The server parameter that allow-lists which extensions may be created on a flexible server.
- pgvector
- An open-source PostgreSQL extension, created as vector, that adds a vector type, distance operators and ANN indexes.
- azure_pg_admin
- A role on flexible server whose members can perform administrative actions such as creating allow-listed extensions.
- vector(n)
- The pgvector column type holding an embedding of exactly n dimensions.
- <=> operator
- pgvector's cosine distance operator; smaller values mean more similar vectors.
- HNSW
- A graph-based ANN index with strong recall and speed, tuned with m, ef_construction and hnsw.ef_search.
- IVFFlat
- A cluster-based ANN index built after loading data, tuned with lists at build time and ivfflat.probes at query time.
- Operator class
- The index setting, such as vector_cosine_ops, that must match the distance operator used in queries.
- RAG
- Retrieval-augmented generation: retrieving relevant data at query time and adding it to the model prompt to ground answers.
- Chunking
- Splitting source documents into passages, often with overlap, before embedding them.
- Top-k retrieval
- Returning the k items whose vectors are most similar to the query vector.
- Metadata filter
- A condition on chunk properties, such as tenant or language, applied alongside vector search.
- Grounding
- Constraining a model's answer to supplied source content, often with instructions and citations.
- Cache-aside
- A pattern where the app checks the cache, loads from the database on a miss and populates the cache itself.
- TTL
- Time to live: the number of seconds a key exists before Redis expires it automatically.
- Invalidation
- Removing or refreshing a cached entry when the underlying data changes.
- Eviction policy
- The rule Redis follows to free memory when full, such as allkeys-lru or volatile-lru.
- FT.CREATE
- The Redis search command that defines an index over hashes or JSON keys, including vector fields.
- KNN query
- A Redis search query that returns the K nearest vectors to a supplied query vector.
- Semantic cache
- A cache that returns stored model responses for prompts whose embeddings are similar enough to the new prompt.
- Similarity threshold
- The maximum distance at which a cached prompt is considered a match in a semantic cache.
- System of record
- The authoritative, durable store for data, as opposed to a cache that can be rebuilt.
- Operational data
- The live application data, such as orders or profiles, that vectors may be stored alongside.
- Global distribution
- Replicating a database across regions for local reads and writes, a core Cosmos DB feature.
- In-memory store
- A data store such as Redis that keeps data in RAM for very low latency at a higher cost per gigabyte.
Domain 3: Connect to and consume Azure services (24%)
Exam tips
- One consumer per message means a queue; every consumer gets a copy means a topic with subscriptions, which requires Standard or Premium because Basic has no topics.
- Messages must not be lost means peek-lock; lock lost errors on long jobs mean renew the lock (AutoLockRenewer) or raise the lock duration up to five minutes; abandon increments the delivery count.
- Expired messages are dropped, not dead-lettered, unless dead-lettering on message expiration is enabled; poison messages land in the DLQ after exceeding max delivery count (default 10).
- FIFO per customer or order means sessions; retried sends creating duplicates means duplicate detection with business message IDs; routing on exact property values prefers correlation filters over SQL filters.
- Azure services emit to system topics; your code publishes to custom topics. To filter by container or folder use subject begins with; to filter by file extension use subject ends with.
- Defaults to remember: 30 delivery attempts and 1,440 minutes TTL; undelivered events are dropped unless dead-lettering to Blob Storage is configured. A custom webhook must echo validationCode as validationResponse (or call validationUrl).
- Map keywords: guaranteed, ordered, transactional business messages means Service Bus; react to Azure resource or discrete events means Event Grid; high-volume telemetry streams with replay means Event Hubs.
- In the v2 model, decorators in function_app.py replace function.json; the connection parameter names an app setting, not a literal connection string, and each function has one trigger but any number of bindings.
- Timer schedules have six fields with seconds first (0 */5 * * * * is every five minutes). FUNCTION auth needs a key in x-functions-key or code; it is not user authentication.
- No cold start plus elastic scale points to Premium (or Flex with always-ready instances); already paying for an App Service plan points to Dedicated with Always On; private network access needs a plan with VNet integration.
- local.settings.json is local-only and not deployed; host.json is app-wide runtime config and is deployed; identity-based connections use double-underscore settings such as __fullyQualifiedNamespace plus an RBAC role.
Key terms
- Namespace
- The Service Bus container resource that holds queues and topics and defines the tier.
- Queue
- A point-to-point entity where each message is received by exactly one consumer.
- Topic
- A publish-subscribe entity where each matching subscription receives its own copy of a message.
- Subscription
- A named, queue-like view of a topic with its own filter rules and receivers.
- Competing consumers
- Multiple receivers reading from the same queue so work is spread among them.
- Peek-lock
- The default receive mode that locks a message until the receiver completes, abandons, defers or dead-letters it.
- Receive-and-delete
- A receive mode that removes the message on delivery, giving at-most-once processing.
- Lock duration
- How long a received message stays locked to one receiver before becoming visible again; default one minute, maximum five.
- Defer
- Settling a message so it stays in the queue but can only be received again by its sequence number.
- AutoLockRenewer
- A Python SDK helper that renews message locks in the background during long processing.
- Dead-letter queue
- A built-in subqueue of each queue or subscription that holds messages that could not be delivered or processed.
- Max delivery count
- The number of delivery attempts after which Service Bus automatically dead-letters a message; default 10.
- Poison message
- A message that fails processing every time and would loop forever without dead-lettering.
- Dead-lettering on expiration
- An entity setting, off by default, that moves expired messages to the DLQ instead of dropping them.
- Session
- A group of messages sharing a session ID that Service Bus delivers in order to one receiver at a time.
- Duplicate detection
- A queue or topic setting that drops messages whose message ID was already seen within a history window.
- Scheduled message
- A message that is accepted immediately but becomes available to receivers only at a specified UTC time.
- SQL filter
- A subscription rule using a SQL-like expression over message properties.
- Correlation filter
- A subscription rule that matches exact values of system or user properties, cheaper than a SQL filter.
- System topic
- An Event Grid topic that represents events published automatically by an Azure service.
- Custom topic
- An Event Grid topic you create and publish your own application events to.
- Event subscription
- The configuration linking a topic to a handler, with filters deciding which events are delivered.
- Subject filter
- A filter matching the beginning or end of an event's subject path, such as a container or file extension.
- Advanced filter
- A filter on event data or envelope fields using operators like NumberGreaterThan or StringContains.
- Retry policy
- Per-subscription limits on delivery attempts and event time-to-live that govern Event Grid retries.
- Event time-to-live
- The number of minutes Event Grid keeps retrying an event before giving up; default 1,440.
- Dead-letter destination
- A Blob Storage container where Event Grid writes events it could not deliver.
- Validation handshake
- The process by which a webhook proves it owns the endpoint before Event Grid delivers events.
- CloudEvents
- An open specification for describing event data in a common format across services and clouds.
- Discrete event
- An event reporting a single state change that is meaningful on its own, well suited to Event Grid.
- Event stream
- A continuous sequence of events, such as telemetry, analyzed in aggregate and suited to Event Hubs.
- Consumer group
- An independent view of an Event Hubs stream that lets several applications read it at their own positions.
- Load leveling
- Using a queue to absorb bursts so workers process at a steady rate, a Service Bus strength.
- Trigger
- The event that starts a function; every function has exactly one.
- Binding
- A declarative connection to another service that supplies input data or writes output without SDK code.
- function_app.py
- The entry file of a Python v2 function app that creates FunctionApp and defines decorated functions.
- func.Out
- The parameter type for an output binding; calling set() provides the value to write.
- Blueprint
- A v2 model feature for defining functions in separate modules and registering them with the app.
- Authorization level
- HTTP trigger setting (anonymous, function or admin) that decides which key, if any, a caller must supply.
- NCRONTAB
- The six-field cron format used by timer triggers, starting with a seconds field.
- Past due
- A timer flag indicating the scheduled run happened later than planned, for example after downtime.
- Event Grid-based blob trigger
- A blob trigger that uses Event Grid notifications instead of polling for lower latency.
- Flex Consumption
- A Linux serverless Functions plan with event-driven scale to zero, per-function scaling, always-ready instances and VNet integration.
- Premium plan
- An elastic Functions plan with pre-warmed instances, no cold start for minimum instances, and VNet support.
- Dedicated plan
- Running functions on an App Service plan with manual or autoscale scaling and fixed cost.
- Cold start
- Startup latency when a function is invoked with no warm instance available.
- Always On
- An App Service setting that keeps a Dedicated-plan function app loaded so triggers keep firing.
- App settings
- Environment variables for a function app in Azure, read by code and referenced by bindings.
- local.settings.json
- A local-only file whose Values section Core Tools loads as environment variables; not deployed by default.
- host.json
- An app-wide runtime configuration file for logging, extensions, timeouts and sampling, deployed with the code.
- Identity-based connection
- A binding connection defined by settings like Prefix__fullyQualifiedNamespace that authenticates with a managed identity.
Domain 4: Secure, monitor, and troubleshoot Azure solutions (24%)
Exam tips
- Shared across resources or created before the resource means user-assigned; lifecycle tied to a single resource means system-assigned. With a user-assigned identity, set AZURE_CLIENT_ID so DefaultAzureCredential picks the right one.
- Contributor or Owner do not grant data access; pick the data role that matches the action (Secrets User to read secrets, Data Sender or Receiver for Service Bus, AcrPull for images) and remember Cosmos DB data roles are assigned with az cosmosdb sql role assignment.
- Secrets are values you read, keys do crypto inside the vault, certificates are X.509 with lifecycle management. Purge protection cannot be disabled once enabled; RBAC allows per-secret scope, access policies do not.
- SecretNearExpiry fires 30 days before expiration and reaches handlers through Event Grid; the rotator needs Secrets Officer, readers need Secrets User, and consumers should reference the unversioned secret to get new values.
- If an app receives the raw @Microsoft.KeyVault text, the reference did not resolve: check the identity, its Secrets User role, keyVaultReferenceIdentity for user-assigned identities and vault networking. Omit the version to follow rotations.
- Environment-specific values mean labels; runtime on/off means feature flags; reload everything consistently means sentinel key; never-changing config for a release means snapshots. Secrets stay in Key Vault, referenced from App Configuration.
- Set APPLICATIONINSIGHTS_CONNECTION_STRING and call configure_azure_monitor early. Remember the mapping: server spans go to requests, client spans to dependencies, logging output to traces and meter measurements to customMetrics.
- The shared trace ID shows up as operation_Id; sampling is per trace and recorded in itemCount, so count with sum(itemCount); Live Metrics is real time and unaffected by sampling.
- Know which table holds what (requests incoming, dependencies outgoing, exceptions errors, traces logs), use bin(timestamp, interval) inside summarize for time charts and join on operation_Id to correlate.
- Threshold on a numeric metric with fastest detection means metric alert; conditions needing a query, joins or text matching mean log search alert; notifications and automation live in reusable action groups.
- Container Apps: startup, pull, probe and scaling problems are in system logs; application errors are in console logs. App Service containers need file system logging enabled before log stream shows container output.
Key terms
- System-assigned identity
- A managed identity tied to one resource's lifecycle and deleted with it.
- User-assigned identity
- A standalone managed identity resource that can be attached to many resources and outlives them.
- DefaultAzureCredential
- An azure-identity credential that tries environment, workload identity, managed identity and developer sign-ins in order.
- AZURE_CLIENT_ID
- The environment variable that tells azure-identity which user-assigned managed identity to use.
- Data plane
- Operations on the data inside a service, such as reading secrets or sending messages, as opposed to managing the resource.
- Key Vault Secrets User
- A built-in role that can read secret contents in an RBAC-enabled Key Vault.
- Azure Service Bus Data Sender
- A built-in role allowing an identity to send messages to queues and topics in its scope.
- Cosmos DB Built-in Data Contributor
- A Cosmos DB native data role that allows item reads and writes, assigned with Cosmos DB SQL role assignments.
- Secret
- A small sensitive value, such as a password or connection string, that an app reads from Key Vault.
- Key
- A cryptographic key stored in Key Vault that performs operations inside the vault without exposing private material.
- Soft delete
- Retention of deleted vaults and objects for 7 to 90 days so they can be recovered.
- Purge protection
- A setting that prevents permanent deletion until the retention period ends; it cannot be disabled once on.
- Access policy
- The legacy Key Vault authorization model granting per-vault permissions, as opposed to Azure RBAC.
- Secret rotation
- Periodically replacing a secret with a new value and retiring the old one to limit exposure.
- SecretNearExpiry
- A Key Vault event published through Event Grid 30 days before a secret's expiration date.
- SecretNewVersionCreated
- A Key Vault event raised when a new version of a secret is created.
- Dual-credential rotation
- Alternating between two valid keys so one can be regenerated while apps use the other.
- Key Vault reference
- An app setting or secret value that points to a Key Vault secret, which the platform resolves at runtime.
- @Microsoft.KeyVault(...)
- The reference syntax used in App Service and Functions app settings, with VaultName/SecretName or SecretUri.
- keyVaultReferenceIdentity
- The App Service site property that selects a user-assigned identity for resolving Key Vault references.
- keyvaultref
- The Container Apps secret syntax that sources a secret's value from a Key Vault secret URI with an identity.
- Label
- A value that distinguishes versions of the same key, commonly used for environments such as Dev and Prod.
- Feature flag
- A key-value that turns a feature on or off at runtime, optionally with filters like percentage or targeting.
- Sentinel key
- A single watched key whose change signals the app to reload all its configuration at once.
- Snapshot
- An immutable, named copy of selected key-values that always returns the same configuration.
- Azure Monitor OpenTelemetry Distro
- The azure-monitor-opentelemetry package that configures OpenTelemetry to send Python telemetry to Application Insights.
- Connection string
- The setting that tells telemetry where to go, including the instrumentation key and ingestion endpoint.
- Span
- A timed unit of work within a trace, with attributes, status and a parent span.
- Custom metric
- An application-defined measurement such as a counter or histogram, stored in the customMetrics table.
- Trace context
- The W3C standard for propagating trace and span IDs between services, carried in the traceparent header.
- operation_Id
- The Application Insights field holding the trace ID shared by all telemetry for one operation.
- Sampling
- Keeping only a portion of telemetry, decided per trace, to reduce cost while staying representative.
- Live Metrics
- A near-real-time view of request, failure and resource metrics that is not affected by sampling.
- Application map
- An Application Insights view showing components and their dependencies with performance and failure data.
- KQL
- Kusto Query Language, the pipe-based query language for Log Analytics and Application Insights.
- summarize
- The KQL operator that aggregates rows into groups with functions such as count, avg and percentile.
- bin()
- A function that rounds values into fixed-size buckets, often used with timestamp to build time series.
- join
- An operator that combines rows from two tables on matching columns, such as operation_Id.
- render
- An operator that displays query results as a chart, for example a timechart.
- Metric alert
- An alert rule on a numeric metric with static or dynamic thresholds, evaluated frequently and resolving automatically.
- Log search alert
- An alert rule that runs a KQL query on a schedule and fires based on the results.
- Action group
- A reusable set of notifications and automated actions that alert rules trigger.
- Dynamic threshold
- A metric alert condition that learns normal behavior and fires on significant deviations.
- Alert processing rule
- A rule that suppresses or adds actions to fired alerts across a scope, for example during maintenance.
- Log stream
- A real-time view of an app's log output in the portal or CLI.
- Console logs
- In Container Apps, the stdout and stderr output of your containers.
- System logs
- In Container Apps, platform-generated events such as provisioning, image pulls, probe failures and scaling.
- Invocations view
- The Functions monitoring page listing recent executions with status, duration and logs from Application Insights.
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